The World Series A Brief History Of The October Classic Essays

The World Series: A Brief History Of The October Classic The World Series: A Brief History of the October Classic In America's preferred leisure activity, the sport of baseball, there is one significant objective each year for each group in the alliance, and that is to win the World arrangement. For almost one hundred years, two groups every year have contended in a best of seven arrangement with the hero of the American League and the victor of the National League speaking to their particular classes. The New York Yankees have won the most titles by a long shot, with twenty-five titles, and the St. Louis Cardinals have the second-most with ten. Numerous groups have always lost the World Series, and with the little salary and inclusion of certain groups, they may always lose an arrangement. From 1901 to 1902, the American and National classes were organized in war, and there was no World Series. The American League was still youthful, and many felt that they couldn't rival the ground-breaking groups of the National League. In any case, a national title was not far away. At the point when the Boston Pilgrims of the American Association acknowledged a demand from proprietor Barney Dreyfuss of the National League Pittsburgh Pirates, the advanced World Series was conceived ( Total World Series-Boston 1). The Pirates entered the 1903 arrangement intensely preferred to win even with wounds to the expert of the pitching staff, Sam Leever and furthermore to Honus Wagner. The Pirates had additionally lost pitcher Ed Doheny to dysfunctional behavior. In game one of the arrangement, Cy Young took the hill for the Pilgrims, yet was shocked in the primary inning as the Pirates scored four runs and proceeded to take a 1-0 arrangement lead. In the game, the Pirates' Jimmy Sebring hit the main grand slam in World Series history (Total World Series-Boston 2). Subsequent to taking a telling 3-1 arrangement lead, the tide started to change on the Pirates. The Pilgrims won the following two games, and in game seven, Bill Dinneen held the Pirates to four hits as he shut them out for the second time in the arrangement, giving the Boston Pilgrims the main ever World Series Championship. The World Series kept on becoming mainstream for the following quite a while, until 1919, at the point when individuals from the Chicago White Sox were reputed to have tossed the Series. In the base of the principal inning of game one against the Cincinnati Reds, White Sox pitcher Eddie Cicotte hit the principal player to confront him, a prearranged sign to card sharks that ?the fix was on? - that the Sox would toss the Series (Total World Series-White 1). There were eight individuals from the Chicago White Sox that were in on the fix, including Cicotte and outfielder ?Shoeless' Joe Jackson. The White Sox lost the initial two rounds of the arrangement, much appreciated in enormous part to the two beginning pitchers who were in on the fix. In any case, in game three, the White Sox' Dickie Kerr, who was not in on the fix, pitched a three-hit shutout to get the Sox back to inside one game. After game three, the players who were in on the fix figured out how to play ineffectively enough to lose the Series, and the Cincinnati Reds brought home their spoiled title. In 1927, the New York Yankees prevailed upon the World Series the Pittsburgh Pirates with maybe the best setup ever to take the field. With 110 standard season triumphs and a 19 game edge over second-place Philadelphia, the Yankees drove the American League in about each hostile classification. Three Yankees- - Earle Combs, Lou Gehrig, and Babe Ruth- - hit more than .350, and separated among them class crowns in runs, hits, pairs, significantly increases, homers (Ruth's 60), RBI's, and slugging normal. The Yankees not just hit: their pitching staff flaunted the association's most minimal earned run normal ( Total World Series - New 1). The Yankees cleared the Pirates out of the arrangement for the principal American League clear in a World Series many despite everything believe them to be the best group ever. The ?Miracle Mets? of 1969 demonstrated that enchantment could occur in the World Series as they brought home the World Series title with a youthful, upstart group. The overwhelming hitting, smooth handling Orioles, who additionally flaunted the majors' top pitching staff, entered the Series clear top picks against the New York Mets. Be that as it may, the ?Miracle Mets?, after losing the opener, finished Baltimore with four straight successes (Total World Arrangement Make 1). The

College Application Essay Titles - Using College Application Essay Prompts to Help You Write the Perfect Essay

College Application Essay Titles - Using College Application Essay Prompts to Help You Write the Perfect EssayWhen you are writing your college application essay, there are several things that you should keep in mind. One of the most important things that you can remember is to keep the essay title short and sweet, not too long or too complicated.Writing a college application essay should be easy, yet it is also very helpful if you understand how to write an essay on paper. You can get help with this if you have access to someone that knows about essays. Essay writing is not an easy task, but you can take pride in knowing that you have taken the time to write the perfect college application essay.There are two types of essays that you will need to write. First of all, you can choose to write an essay on your own. This can be fun, and it may also save you money because you do not have to hire a college essay writer. However, writing the essay on your own can also be time consuming.If you have problems with writing, then getting some guidance and help from a college writing tutor or college counselor may be a good idea when you are writing your college application essay. You will need to take the time to write the essay correctly, but you will also have someone that can correct you as needed. Plus, if you choose to write your own essay, then you will want someone to write it for you.Another thing that you will want to keep in mind when you are writing your college application essay is to make sure that you write something that you will be proud of. The last thing that you want to do is lose money or appear to be less than sincere. If you do not put forth the time and effort, then you will never get the essay written.One way to help you with your college application essay is to use college essay prompts. These are prompts that will tell you what you need to include in your essay. Some examples of prompts that you might use include a question, and an example senten ce. You might also consider having someone help you with the essay before you submit it.When you are writing your college application essay, you will want to make sure that you follow the instructions and guidelines. There are many things that you will need to include when you are writing the essay. One thing that you will want to keep in mind is to write about something that you are passionate about. This will give your essay more meaning, and you will want to focus on this for your entire college application essay.In order to write a well-written college application essay, you will need to dedicate the time to make sure that you know exactly what to write. Remember that college essay writing is not an easy task, but it can be made easier by using college essay prompts and using college writing tutors.

Organization Theory and Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Association Theory and Design - Essay Example Things have never moved so quick and dangers and openings have never been so massive. Contenders must be productive and distinctive to endure and remain on the top. Silly proceeds and presents the latest improvements in associations' plan - structures and the executives strategies that have just risen of late because of the turbulences in the situations and rivalry around the world. The ascent of a rising administrative way of thinking of effectiveness, framework, and procedure is, as indicated by Daft, reflected in the types of interior correspondence that fill in as systems for administrative coordination and control. These have created as an item of changing authoritative needs as well as of the advances accessible to help them. Types of authoritative correspondence would thus be able to be sorted out into explicit and unmistakable 'types, for example, letters, updates, gatherings, motivation, recommendations and so on. These innovations as utilized by principals and ranking directors inside universities not exclusively to represent, yet in addition to advance and disperse, explicit authority dreams and targets. The flood of increasingly broad administrative ways of thinking into the domain of globalizations lately has incorporated the need to exhibit skill, consistence and adequacy to an assortment of crowds. Going with Daft's idea1, the reason for my investigation would recommend that this requirement for noticeable capability is presently a predominant subject, driven by outside assessment, subsidizing and administration systems just as the administration culture desires for clients and different partners. Such 'review societies' (Strathern, 2000) are progressively normal in both open establishments and private undertaking, mirroring the need to play out another sort of responsibility based around the twin objectives of monetary proficiency and great practice. The idea of the review, recently obliged inside budgetary applications, has now extended to turn into a universal component of every day life, with the learning and abilities division being no special case. The outcome is a pile of 'advancements of responsibility'. The skillet national enterprise, with its naturally perplexing structure, is the authoritative structure most seriously influenced by globalization. It is accordingly significant for the administration of such companies to improve the control and coordination of the organizations' spatially scattered auxiliaries. Data innovation (IT) has been hailed as a significant apparatus in changing conventional control and coordination forms in complex situations. IT is being utilized for changing the idea of the connection among central command and auxiliaries in a way that makes the dish national enterprise increasingly worldwide in direction. This is happening as tasks and dynamic procedures in auxiliaries are upgraded so as to improve worldwide administration and nearby responsiveness Innovation serves to shape the way in which authority work is

Role of Ethics in Corporations - Free Essay Example

The Role of Ethics in Corporations Introduction Corporates are the companies incorporated to carry out businesses in specific areas of their interest. They are governed by ethics which are more or less the codes of behavior that every company and company employee is expected to adhere to. In business its the study and evaluation of business decision making based on moral concepts and judgments. (encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary, 2009) Its the study of principles relating right or wrong conduct (wiktionary, 2009) they are the standards that guide the conduct of persons in a profession. (Wiktionary, 2009). Nowadays corporations operate in a diversified world where globalization and enhanced government regulation has complicated ethical issues for businesses. Some ethics are formulated by the government and apply across the board while others are made to suit individual companies in their niches where they operate. An ethic is the chosen most appropriate way to behave as deemed by an individual. Its also a self chosen, logically based standard of mental behavior What it involves The market economy unlike the command economy that is so regulated is free and businesses are allowed to carry out their operations without many checks and balances. Profit is the main motive and this opens loopholes in the system which is bound to be utilized to commit illegal actions thus the need for ethics that will govern the corporate world. Business ethics are simply a system of moral principles applied in the commerce world. (Business Dictionary) It involves concerns that are critical to company success such as philosophy, morality environmental responsibility and protection of employees rights. . (encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary, 2009). They are normally incorporated into company blue prints and in some case may form part of the mission, vision and core values of the organizations. Ethics in corporations identify and define the issues which maybe regarded as criminal or against the beliefs of many and frame them in such away that doing it will amount to violation of the law or code of conduct. They therefore attract punishment when committed, to act as a deterrent to future offenders and to ensure smooth running of the businesses. Scope of corporate ethics Apart from the above said categories of ethics, issues such as ethics of accounting, ethics of human resource, ethics of ethics of production and ethics of intellectual property knowledge and skill are also considered. (Wiki 2009 Corporate ethics encompass all the good so to say that must be the intention of all Corporates besides making profit. Corporates need to promote what is progressive and ethical. They should be based on broad principles of fairness, integrity and ones that are focusing on stake holder welfare, environmental sustainability and good welfare of employees (. Jon Entine, 1994). In addition it must cover the social attributes of human rights, sexual rights, animal rights and gender sensitivity (. Jon Entine, 1994).they also include corporate social responsibility, ethical issues relating to associations between different companies, leadership or corporate governance, level of involvement in politics by corporations and the misuse of office equipment. The rate at which the environment is being destroyed has caused alarm bells and the rush to conserve what is left. Companies have come up with programmes tailored in line with their values and nature of business to conserve the environment. Corporate social responsibility programmes that address environmental issues are geared towards the realization of a pollution free environment by the companies that engage in the kind business where environmental tampering is necessary. With every individual entitled to rights as enshrined in the constitution, ethics seek to enforce that. They define what and what not to do in terms of human rights. They ensure that nobody is forced to work in conditions which he/she deems as in conducive. Sexual harassment is very common in workplaces nowadays. Numerous corporations have come up with guidelines enforcing codes of conduct for employees as far as sexual harassment is concerned. Inappropriate dressing and making sexual advances towards colleagues and soliciting for sex in exchange for favors in workplaces is well covered in many corporate codes of conduct. There are guidelines put in place for to protect animals too. They work in the confines of animal rights which chiefly roots for experiments that minimize pain experienced by animals. Role of ethics in business Corporates are considered moral actors in their own right and must demonstrate responsibility in all matters that are relevant in the administration of people the environment and the production of goods. (Georges Enderle) As said earlier on, the role is to ensure the a peaceful and conducive workplace for all employees and the adherence to the laid down regulations which are meant to promote human rights, environmental sustainability, and the minimization of exploitation of customers by unscrupulous businesses. They provide acceptable guidelines for acceptable behavior in their strategy formulation and day to day operations (Business Dictionary). Ensuring that the people who work in these places work in humane conditions that promote the growth and development of human beings and minimize any form of stress that might make lead to the violation of their rights. By formulating ethics and enforcing them, people will be protected from the exploitation that is likely to be fel t in the corporate world. Sectors like the insurance industry promote programmes that are sensitive to the issues affecting people like health. One of the principles they must exhibit is utmost good faith. Without clear ethical guidance such principles will be hard to come by given that human character is dynamic and unpredictable. Ensuring uniform standards and high standards for that matter is effected in part by ethics that exist in various organizations. When they are entrenched in company blue prints they become part and parcel of the culture of the organization hence the fostering of the beliefs that they are an irreplaceable part of a successful company. Fairness was hard to come by even in places where equality seems to have taken root. Because of the profit motive of the corporate world, unfairness is guaranteed to rise up. Price competition and other practices such as corporate espionage will surface to try and annihilate the opponent. Uniform ethics put in place wo rk against such practices and assure industry players the security for business success and survival. Investor protection is a mandatory step that has to exist in every market economy. Investor funds are prone to abuse by uncouth managers who normally use the money for personal ventures. Laws enacted by acts of legislation address the ethics needed for the people who have to manage the sensitive customer investments in companies. Corporate espionage is rampant in the business world especially due to the decreased niche share that companies are experiencing and the completion that characterizes the modern world of business. The passing of sensitive information to competitors for monetary gain can be a serious setback to an organization. These ethics will work towards ensuring that company secrets are kept out of reach of those not supposed to access it. Ethics play a big part in checking the prevention of accounting frauds. Doctoring of figures, insider trading and accept ance of bribery and kickbacks are some of the accounting frauds addressed especially in the Sarbanes-Oxley act. It seeks to reinforce clean accounting processes that will save companies and investors their investments. Human resource ethics protect employees from various prejudices. Discriminating on the basis of gender, color or ethnicity, revelation of employees private information and the formulation of fair employment contracts are some of the issues that HR ethics will address. They ensure their rights in as far as employees are concerned are enforced to make workplaces are worker friendly. Price fixation, and discrimination are common ethical lapses that have characterized sales and marketing departments and in various companies. Correct pricing will reduce exploitation brought by overcharging of clients which might lead to loss of potential clients. The apparent selected selling of particular classes of clients by sales teams can be met by lawsuits of people who will ar gue they have aright to equal access to goods and services. Besides it can lead to lose of the connection between company product and client which is so crucial to product market penetration. Cultivating a tradition of production of non defective goods which will avoid unnecessary recalls requires practicing some of the highly rated ethics. Corporate governance also depends on strong ethics that will ensure only the qualified are given the mantle to lead the organization. These principles of good governance ethics are integrity, accountability, transparency and performance orientation. (Na Boon Chong, 2008). The use of company equipment like telephones must subscribe to some etiquette sand rules that are defined within company ethics. They will save the company quite some money if reinforced and applied properly. Extravagance through carrying out personal tasks on company property may lead to incurring of huge costs. Conclusion Ethics are a necessary part in business and none can survive the repercussions created by their absence. Learning to stay with them and modifying them according to the prevailing situations whether long-term or otherwise is beneficial on the personal and business level. Many companies have collapsed due to the lapses that have been cased by their mangers and other employees. This can be avoided if management went out of their way to find out the opinion of their workers about the ethical practices put in place. (Rkandadai, 2008). Employees tend to learn from their superiors about corporate behavior that suits the company code of conduct. Ultimately therefore the top executives will influence the way attitudes are shaped toward existing company ethics and how the employees will perceive them. Organizations can do better by hiring corporate ethics enforcement officers who will be in charge of implementing the coded of conduct as stipulated in the organizations blueprint. Ethics will help strengthen human resources departments that are in charge of the administration of employees. The above said office will help HR deliver in the normalization and delivery of in terms of subscription to good ethics in the workplace. References 1. Business ethics retrieved on 30th August 2009 from https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Corporate+ethics 2. Definition of Ethics, Morals, Virtue, and Quality,2008,Larry N G, retrieved on 30th August 2009 from https://www.angelfire.com/home/sesquiq/2007sesethics.html 3. Corporate Ethics and Accountability Jon E, retrieved on 30th August 2009 from https://www.corpgov.net/forums/commentary/entine1.html 4. THE ROLE OF CORPORATE ETHICS IN A MARKET ECONOMY AND CIVIL SOCIETY, GEORGES ENDERLE, retrieved on 30th August 2009 from https://www.crvp.org/book/Series03/III-15/chapter_xvi.htm 5. Business ethics, retrieved on 31August 2009 from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_ethics 6. Corporate Ethics –Role of HR -Your Views!, 2008 retrieved on 31 August from https://www.citehr.com/114317-corporate-ethics-role-hr-your-views.html 7. Corporate Ethics and Integrity, 2009, Na Boon Chong, retrieved on 31 August from https://www.aon.com/thought-leadership/a sia-connect/apr-09/corporate-ethics-and-integrity.jsp

Types of Slavery in Africa and the World Today

Whether slavery existed within sub-Saharan African societies before the arrival of Europeans is a hotly contested point between Afrocentric and Eurocentric academics. What is certain is that Africans, like other people throughout the world, have been subjected to several forms of slavery over the centuries, including chattel slavery under both the Muslims with the trans-Saharan slave trade and Europeans through the trans-Atlantic slave trade. Even after the abolition of the slave trade in Africa, colonial powers continued to use forced labor, such as in King Leopolds Congo Free State (which was operated as a massive labor camp) or as libertos on the Portuguese plantations of Cape Verde or Sao Tome. Major Types of Slavery It can be argued that all of the following qualify as slavery—the United Nations deems slavery to be the status or condition of a person over whom any or all of the powers attaching to the right of ownership are exercised and slave as a person in such condition or status. Slavery existed long before European imperialism, but the scholarly emphasis on the African transatlantic slave trade led to a neglect of contemporary forms of slavery until the 21st century. Chattel Slavery Chattel slavery is the most familiar type of slavery, although they make up a comparatively small proportion of slaves in the world today. It involves the complete ownership of one human being by another, whether captured, born, or sold into permanent servitude; their children are normally also treated as property. Chattel slaves are considered property and are traded as such. They have no rights, are expected to perform labor (and sexual favors) at the command of a slave master. This is the form of slavery which was carried out in the Americas as a result of the trans-Atlantic slave trade. There are reports that chattel slavery still exists in Islamic North Africa, in such countries as Mauritania and Sudan (despite both countries being participants in the 1956 UN slavery convention). One example is that of Francis Bok, who was taken into bondage during a raid on his village in southern Sudan in 1986 at the age of seven and spent ten years as a chattel slave in the north of Sudan before escaping. The Sudanese government denies the continued existence of slavery in its country. Debt Bondage The most common form of slavery in the world today is debt bondage, known as bonded labor, or peonage, a type of enslavement resulting from a debt owed to a moneylender, usually in the form of forced agricultural labor: in essence, people as used collateral against their debts. Labor is provided by the person who owes the debt, or a relative (typically a child): the borrowers labor pays off the interest on the loan, but not the original debt itself. It is unusual for a bonded laborer to ever escape their indebtedness since further costs would accrue during the period of bondage (food, clothing, shelter), and it is not unknown for the debt to be inherited across several generations. Faulty accounting and huge interest rates, sometimes as much as 60 or 100 percent, are used in extreme cases. In the Americas, peonage was extended to include criminal peonage, where prisoners sentenced to hard labor were farmed out to private or governmental groups. Africa has its own unique version of debt bondage called pawnship. Afrocentric academics claim that this was a much milder form of debt bondage compared to that experienced elsewhere since it would occur on a family or community basis where social ties existed between debtor and creditor. Forced Labor or Contract Slavery Contract slavery is defined as that created when the slaveholder guarantees employment, luring job seekers to remote locations. Once a worker arrives at the place of promised employment, he or she is violently coerced into labor without pay. Otherwise known as unfree labor, forced labor, as the name implies, is based on the threat of violence against the laborer (or his or her family). Laborers contracted for a specific period would find themselves unable to escape enforced servitude, and the contracts are then used to mask the slavery as a legitimate work arrangement. This was used to an overwhelming extent in King Leopolds Congo Free State and on Portuguese plantations of Cape Verde and Sao Tome. Minor Types Several less common types of slavery are found throughout the world and account for a small number of the total number of slaves. Most of these types tend to be restricted to specific geographic locations. State Slavery or War Slavery State slavery is that which is government-sponsored, where the state and army captures and forces its own citizens to work, often as laborers or bearers in military campaigns against indigenous populations or for government construction projects. State slavery is practiced in Myanmar and North Korea. Religious Slavery Religious slavery is when religious institutions are used to maintain slavery, One common scenario is when young girls are given to local priests to atone for the sins of their family members, which is thought to appease the gods for the crimes committed by relatives. IPoor families will in effect sacrifice a daughter by having her marry a priest or a god, and end up often working as a prostitute. Domestic Servitude This type of slavery is when women and children are forced to serve as domestic workers in a household, held at force, isolated from the outside world and never allowed outside. Serfdom A term usually restricted to medieval Europe, serfdom is when a tenant farmer is bound to a section of land and was thus under the control of a landlord. The serf can feed themselves by working on their lords land  but is liable for the provision of other services, such as working on other sections of land or military service. A serf was tied to the land, and could not leave without his lords permission; they often required permission to marry, to sell goods, or to change their occupation. Any legal redress lay with the lord. Although this is considered a European condition, the circumstances of servitude are not unlike those experienced under several African kingdoms, such as that of the Zulu in the early nineteenth century. Slavery Around the World The number of people who today are enslaved to a degree depends on how one defines the term. There are at least 27 million people in the world who are permanently or temporarily under the complete control of some other person, business or state, who maintains that control by violence or the threat of violence. They live in nearly every country in the world, although the majority are believed to be concentrated in India, Pakistan, and Nepal. Slavery is also endemic in southeast Asia, Northern and Western Africa, and South America; and there are pockets in the United States, Japan, and many European countries. Sources Androff, David K. The Problem of Contemporary Slavery: An International Human Rights Challenge for Social Work. International Social Work 54.2 (2011): 209–22. Print.Bales, Kevin. Expendable People: Slavery in the Age of Globalization. Journal of International Affairs 53.2 (2000): 461–84. Print.Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery, as adopted by a Conference of Plenipotentiaries convened by Economic and Social Council resolution 608(XXI) of 30 April 1956 and done at Geneva on 7 September 1956.

How to Lie With Statistics Book Review - 1047 Words

How to Lie with Statistics Book Summary The book How to Lie with Statistics written by Darrell Huff shows you how statistics are used to mislead; sometimes unintentionally, other times on purpose. It gives the readers the knowledge necessary to intelligently question and understand the story behind the numbers. In other words, it shows the tricks the crooks use, so that honest men can use this knowledge for self defense. I think it’s particularly useful for a manager or an executive to read and understand this book, because they are usually presented with a lot of numbers, graphs and charts and are expected to make decisions based on these numbers. People collecting and presenting the numbers to management could employ some of the†¦show more content†¦Another interesting concept explained in the book is the semi attached figure: if you can’t prove what you want to prove, demonstrate something else and pretend they are the same thing. When there is a comparison, you should carefully look at what the comparison product or group is. You should also control for all other potential risk factors when studying effects of factors. The most striking example in the book is the claim used by Navy recruiters: It was safer to be in Navy than out of it just by comparing the death rates of Navy personnel and NY citizens, even though these groups are not comparable. Maybe one of the most common mistakes about statistics is to think that something is a result of something when they are correlated. However, correlation does not imply causation. A very common instance is where neither of the variables have any effect on each other but there is a real correlation. The book presents a great example for this with rum prices and ministers’ salaries. They seem to be correlated and you could decide that one is the cause of the other where in fact the rise in the prices is the real influence for both. 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Discuss, compare and contrast 2 poems I am by John Clare and Wants by Philip Larkin Essay Example For Students

Discuss, compare and contrast 2 poems I am by John Clare and Wants by Philip Larkin Essay Many poets, conventional and traditional have written about their personal feelings and their views on the world. The two poems I have looked at I AM by John Clare and WANTS by Philip Larkin show their deepest emotions and individual thoughts and about themselves and other relationships between friends and family. Each poet has a different way of demonstrating the themes through use of language, style and tone; but we can still establish the related themes. Some examples of the related themes are melancholy about their lives, relationships with others, and an aspiration for isolation, perception of oblivion and their scrutiny of death. Matthew Arnolds view on poetry was genuine poetry is conceived and composed in the soul. This expression describes both poems accurately. John Clare 1972-1840 was a romantic poet who wrote I AM. Throughout the poem there is a general realization of loss, with many references to oblivion, nature and God. His opening line begins with a self-affirming statement, I am. This could be a way of pronouncing that he is a person, a human. He feels that his friends have forsaken him like a memory lost; saying that he either cant remember them or that he has blocked them out, here we can see an example of alliteration, which draws attention to the words. By saying they rise and vanish in oblivions host, he has personified how his woes have been risen up and then disappeared, into oblivion. Larkin also uses many references to oblivion; such as desire of oblivion runs from this I fall that he longs for somewhere where there is nothing, somewhere where he can be alone. Clare has used an image of mad love, which holds back painful memories like shadows in love-frenzied stifles throes. The last line of stanza 1 runs into stanza2, and the last line could be saying that he is insubstantial, but his emotions take over him. We can see that in the first stanza there is a sense of rhyme used which is different that the rhyme structure used in stanza 2 and 3. He has used this construction of rhyme, because he has tried to convey that stanza 1 needs no closure and that is why the rhyme is different in stanza 2 and 3. The use of enjambment has let the 1st stanza continue into the 2nd stanza. He knows who he is, but he says that into the living sea of waking dreams this could mean that life is like a dream, not significant. This theme carries into his next line where he discusses where he is, in oblivion where there is no happiness, also where there is no sense of life, but by saying that where he is, has no life then it must be dead. He alludes to death, when he talks about his vast shipwreck of me lifes esteems. This could have two different meanings, one; that everything in his life is a mess, or two; that there is a slight hope for saving his life. The previous four lines have all had rhyme incorporated in an A, B formation, but this changes in stanzas 2and 3. The last two lines in both stanzas rhyme with each other, highlighting the words used and drawing attention to them. In the last lines of this stanza we are told information about his friends that he finds his friends have become strangers, and are even more unfamiliar than others. Interestingly we can see similar use of the theme, in the other poem. We can see that from reading it that Larkin, he also finds no comfort in friends, family or women. Clare has said that man has destroyed everything, and he wants somewhere he cant be hurt, where there are no people. This may suggest somewhere where man has not been before; where there are no emotions, where he cant suffer. He uses the line there to abide with my Creator, God. this is a personal pronoun, another self-affirmation. Another way of interpreting this line could be that Clare has a personal relationship with God, saying that there was somebody who took an interest in making him. How do poets from the pre 1914 poetry present their ideas about love and relationships EssayLike Larkin he also longs for a place where there is nothing, somewhere where he can alone. We area able to recognize that from his line Despite the artful tensions of the calendar, that he has tried to demonstrate to the reader, that he feels that there are events that keep coming up that he doesnt want. The events have no meaning to him, and he feels that life is like a balancing act of events, but the events are manipulative and deceptive. The events attempt to make him feel pressurised into doing them. I found that Larkin doesnt have any values for life insurance because he has no interest in leaving any money behind. The tabled fertility rites have acted as a way of describing how he feels that there are certain times in peoples lives when they are pressured into having children. He also may appear to think that having children is mechanical just like everything also that should be done. This line has similar meanings to that of line 3 in stanza 1, where he also mentions about the pressures of having children, printed directions of sex. He also explains that if you dont think about death then this will be costly to you on your mind, because you have not thought about it and it will be a shock when it does. He has thought about it, is ready for death and it wont be as much of a revelation. He has said that you should think about it, be prepared for what will happen to you eventually. He has pointed out that it will be a costly aversion of the eyes from death; we are also able to find references to death in Clares poem, where we can establish his thoughts on death where he can abide with his creator, God. From looking at this poem I have noticed that in this stanza, we can see a relationship between the first and last lines and the middle lines. The first and last lines can be seen as applying to Larkin himself, whereas the middle lines can be seen to be applied universally. He repeats the first line again, to draw more attention to the words that he has written. From looking at both poems I have found that Clare has en explanation through his poem, he is explaining that his life has become lost through many different stages and causes. He feels that certain things in his life have been insignificant, and his life is a mess. In Larkins poem I have found that there was no justification for what he is saying, he appears to record all the things in his life that have prevented him from being alone, he gives reasons, but they all involve other people, but nothing accounts for that things that heave gone wring in his life. I find that Clare gets his point across in a simple way, whereas Larkins poem seems to have deeper meanings, than what is written. I felt that Clares poem is more effective and has a straight forward meaning without having to discover hidden meanings. Clare has declared his personal feelings and his personal views and emotions, through a way of poetry, expressing himself. poetry is not a turning loose of emotion, but an escape from emotion; it is not the expression of personality, but an escape from personality. I feel that T. S. Eliot has described the way that Clare has written his poem, in a way that he has described his personal feelings and emotions.

The Dangers of Over-Reliance on Technology Essay Example

The Dangers of Over-Reliance on Technology Paper Albert Einstein once said, â€Å"It has become appallingly obvious that our technology has exceeded our humanity.† Even though he was referring to atomic bombs, his point is still valid. We are becoming slaves to our own technology and it is happening faster than we can comprehend. Technology has now become an essential part of our lives and we cannot live without it. Our rapidly advancing technology is limiting and crippling our society’s inhabitants. We live in a high tech world, and the more advanced technology becomes, the more it seems to have control over our lives. It is difficult to imagine a world without technology. Technology has a lot of advantages but it has a lot of negative sides and the negative side can have serious and long-term consequences. As of now technology is everywhere, surrounding us, it is stopping us from being ourselves. People who use technology have lack of bonds with others, leading to isolation. Technology also leads to depression, dise ases and a warped sense of reality. Technology causes pollution that leads to natural destruction. Social isolation is characterized by a lack of contact with other people in normal daily living, such as, the workplace, with friends and in social activities. We isolate ourselves by walking around in our own little world. With technology we are creating our own little world and we keep ourselves away from others â€Å"little worlds.† As we can see in the book Feed, by M.T. Anderson, â€Å"Creville Heights was all one big area, instead of each yard with its own sun and season. They must’ve had just one sun for the whole place† (134). In the book Feed, the people had their own bubbles with their own sun and seasons. All this leads to isolation. The use of online social media outlets causes us to meet face-to-face with much less frequency, resulting in a lack of much needed social skills. We can see that today, as Google Glass by Google is the first entry in the wearable We will write a custom essay sample on The Dangers of Over-Reliance on Technology specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Dangers of Over-Reliance on Technology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Dangers of Over-Reliance on Technology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Free Essays on Greenhouse Effect

Greenhouse Effect On a bright, cool day, most people notice the sun’s rays as feeling good on their skin. By nature, many of us even try to stay on the sunny side of the street while walking. The sun is 93 million miles away from earth and its energy travels to us in moving waves called radiation. The energy becomes heat, light and other energy too. Visible sunlight allows us to see the world around us, but there is invisible sunlight, too. These rays can’t be seen, but some can be felt as heat. They are called ultraviolet rays, and they are what changes the appearance of the skin, like wrinkles and even cancer. I discovered a blanket of gases known as the atmosphere surrounding our planet. It is what provides us with the air we breathe, and it protects us from the full blast of the sun’s radiation. Way up there in the part of the atmosphere called the stratosphere, a layer of gas called ozone, filters out most of the sun’s damaging ultraviolet rays. This happens about five miles to 25 miles above the surface of Earth (Bright 14-15). Only about one- millionth of our atmosphere is made up of ozone. But it has an important job. Ozone can absorb the part of the sunlight called ultraviolet radiation. Some ultraviolet radiation still gets through, but not enough to do serious damage to Earth. Because if it got through, life as we know it would be impossible. But there is a serious problem in the ozone layer. Each year, a large hole appears in it. It isn’t an actual hole, like a hole in a pocket, but a layer getting thinner as it shows up on the satellite pictures. The â€Å"hole† is right over Antarctica, covering an area about the size of the United Stat... Free Essays on Greenhouse Effect Free Essays on Greenhouse Effect Greenhouse Effect On a bright, cool day, most people notice the sun’s rays as feeling good on their skin. By nature, many of us even try to stay on the sunny side of the street while walking. The sun is 93 million miles away from earth and its energy travels to us in moving waves called radiation. The energy becomes heat, light and other energy too. Visible sunlight allows us to see the world around us, but there is invisible sunlight, too. These rays can’t be seen, but some can be felt as heat. They are called ultraviolet rays, and they are what changes the appearance of the skin, like wrinkles and even cancer. I discovered a blanket of gases known as the atmosphere surrounding our planet. It is what provides us with the air we breathe, and it protects us from the full blast of the sun’s radiation. Way up there in the part of the atmosphere called the stratosphere, a layer of gas called ozone, filters out most of the sun’s damaging ultraviolet rays. This happens about five miles to 25 miles above the surface of Earth (Bright 14-15). Only about one- millionth of our atmosphere is made up of ozone. But it has an important job. Ozone can absorb the part of the sunlight called ultraviolet radiation. Some ultraviolet radiation still gets through, but not enough to do serious damage to Earth. Because if it got through, life as we know it would be impossible. But there is a serious problem in the ozone layer. Each year, a large hole appears in it. It isn’t an actual hole, like a hole in a pocket, but a layer getting thinner as it shows up on the satellite pictures. The â€Å"hole† is right over Antarctica, covering an area about the size of the United Stat... Free Essays on Greenhouse Effect The greenhouse effect occurs when gases such as methane, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide and CFCs trap heat in the atmosphere by acting as a pane of glass in a car.  ³The glass ² lets the sun light in to make heat but when the heat tries to get out the gases absorb the heat. Holding this heat in causes heat waves, droughts and climate changes which could alter our way of living. The main gases that cause the greenhouse effect are water vapor, carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane which comes mainly from animal manure. Other gases like nitrogen oxide and man made gases called chloroflurocarbons get caught in the atmosphere as well. The decay of animals and respiration are two main but natural sources of carbon dioxide. In my opinion we people of the whole world should try and slow down the emmission of greenhouse gases and/or find ways to balance the gases so the climate doesn't change so rapidly. If it did we would be forced to adapt to the new climate that we brought upon our selves. If we had a international cooperation to put a damper on the production of chloroflurocarbons and slowed down the use of fossil fuels it would dramatically slow down the process of "global warming." Over the last 100 years the global temperatures have been increasing slowly but steadily. Since 1980 the temperature has risen 0.2 degrees C (0.4 degrees F ) each decade. Scientists predict that if we continue putting the same amount of gas into the atmosphere by the year 2030 the temperature will be rising as much as 0.5 degrees C (0.9 degrees F ) or more per decade. Over all the global temperature could rise anywhere from 5 to 9 degrees over the next fifty years. If the temperatures do rise as predicted several things could happen. The increases of temperature could alter the growth of crops in areas near the equator due to insufficient rain and heat. This could really hurt countries that rely on imported food. With the high temperatures the polar ice caps could m... Free Essays on Greenhouse Effect The earth’s climate is predicted to change because human activities are altering the chemical composition of the atmosphere through the build up of greenhouse gases – primarily carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. Energy from the sun drives the earth’s weather and climate, and heats the earth’s surface. This causes the earth to radiate the energy back into space. Atmospheric greenhouse gases (water vapor carbon dioxide, and other gases) trap some of the outgoing energy, retaining heat similar to the glass panels of a greenhouse. Without this natural â€Å"greenhouse effect,† temperatures would be much lower than they are now, and life as known today would not be possible. Instead, thanks to greenhouse gases, the earth’s average temperature is a more hospitable 24 C. However, problems may arise when the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases increases. Since the beginning of the industrial revolution, atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide have increased nearly 30%. Methane concentrations have more than doubled, and nitrous oxide concentrations have risen by about 15%. Due to the concentrations increasing the heat-trapping capability of the earth’s atmosphere is enhanced. Greenhouse gas concentrations are increasing. Scientists generally believe that the combustion of fossil fuels and other human activities are the primary reason for the increased concentration of carbon dioxide. Plant respiration and the decomposition of organic matter release more than 10 times the CO released by human activities; but these releases have always been in balance with the carbon dioxide absorbed by plant photosynthesis. What has changed in the last few hundred years is the additional release of carbon dioxide by human activities. Energy burned to run cars and trucks, heat homes and businesses are responsible for about 80% of society's carbon dioxide emissions and about 20% of global nitrous oxide ...

This assignment requires you to address the following question in the Essay

This assignment requires you to address the following question in the form of an ; To what extent are people subordinated to systems and organisations in the 21st century - Essay Example Organization cultures have also changed from the centralized organization cultures and industrialist cultures to people oriented cultures, task cultures and role cultures which have added to the spectrum of culture in the 21st century. The employee environment is characterized by Senge’s (1990) learning organization, whereby employees are allowed to grow and learn with the organization and therefore given enough time to be able to articulate the organization’s system. Also, Morgan’s (2006) eight metaphor system whereby the organization is grouped into eight metaphors which are brought together so that the organization is seen in all its perspectives, which are: - organization as a machine, organization as organism, organization as brain, organization as culture, organization as political system, organization as psychic prison, organization as system of change and flux and organization as instrument of domination. Managers are advised to look at organizations in d ifferent perspectives according to the eight metaphors as a means to an end. The basic definition of an organization is a social unit of people assembled together to achieve and pursue common goals and objectives through division of labor. All organizations have management structures that define relationships between different individuals in the organization accordingly (Business Dictionary, 2013). Over the years there have been very many theories on how people in organizations relate to each other and the management aspects and functions of the organizations. This report therefore analyses the different organizational theories in the 21st century in relation to the subordination of people in the organization and its systems. In the 20th century, business management was categorized into six main groups: - human resource management, operations management, strategic management, marketing management, financial management and

Marketing Plan for the Next Year for Atlantic Quench Assignment

Marketing Plan for the Next Year for Atlantic Quench - Assignment Example Atlantic Quench aims at availing the highest quality of juice and non-juice drink to the UK market at affordable prices. The juice drinks include: Cranberry Original Juice and Cranberry Mixed Juice Drinks, which are the main drink. They also offer Juice Max – pure Juice and Grab ‘n’ Go – Single Serve, among many others. The non-juice products include Cranberry Sauces and Cranberry Cordial Juice Drinks, as listed by Katsigris & Thomas (2012) as well as Fresh Cranberries, and New Dried Cranberries. The company also aims at introducing a new drink within the next one year.EconomicGiven the fact that the company always make sure that their products are as affordable as possible, it has been seen that the products are doing well in the UK market. Furthermore, the income per capita of the UK population is high enough for them to afford these products by Atlantic Quench (Lamb 2012, p. 197). Socio-culturalThe people of UK also like drinking juice. This is the reaso n as to why the brand has been able to do well in the UK. The new product being a tropical juice drink is likely to do well given the fact that UK residents consume juices in large quantities.TechnologyTechnology has also been a very important factor in the performance of the brand in the UK. The company has the latest production technologies that enable them to get the most from the fruits and make sure that they are preserved in a manner that the consumers are not affected in any way.

The Caged Bird Sings by Maya Angelou Essay Example for Free

The Caged Bird Sings by Maya Angelou Essay This novel is the autobiographical description of a young African American girl growing up in the South. She was left with her grandmother Annie along with her older brother Bailey while her parents went their own ways. She experienced segregation, discrimination, rape and molestation. Towards the end she became pregnant by a boyfriend, yet still completes high school. The story ends with her sleeping close to her new born son. Through all of these things, she learned that to be a black female you have to be strong. Obviously, a major theme that is addressed throughout the story is racism. She has observed her grandmother experience it and she experienced it herself. Her thoughts on how to deal with ‘white folks’ was less passive than she felt her grandmother’s approach was. Another theme was displacement. As a descendant of slaves, she felt that she, among many other African Americans, are struggling to find their place in this society. Her opening line: â€Å"What you looking at me for? I didn’t come to stay†¦Ã¢â‚¬  reflects that she feels like she doesn’t belong where she is, and is on her way to where she does belong. African American dialect is used throughout the book, particularly in dialogue. She tells the story in first person and gives her commentary on the events of her life as well as descriptions of the significant occurrences of her life. The novel had a conversational style, as if she was in the room talking to you. She reflects on her memories and describes her emotions, and the effect certain situations had on later events in her life.   It seems to be a chronological account. It is evident that she believes that blacks should stand up for themselves. This is a society where there are many disadvantages for African Americans, but the challenges can be overcome with strength. She views life as a passing journey with lesson after lesson to be learned along the way.

My Antonia Essay: The Role of Women -- My Antonia Essays

The Role of Women in My Antonia  Ã‚        Ã‚   In her novel, My Antonia, Cather represents the frontier as a new nation. Blanche Gelfant notes that Cather "creat[ed] images of strong and resourceful women upon whom the fate of a new country depended" . This responsibility, along with the "economic productivity" Gilbert and Gubar cite (173), reinforces the sense that women hold a different place in this frontier community than they would in the more settled areas of America.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One manner in which this unusual place can be seen is in the women's privileged relationship to the land in the text. While Jim Burden attends school, it is Antonia who shapes and works the new land that the pioneers inhabit, going "from farm to farm" to fill the need for agricultural hands (111). While Otto and Jake fill this need early in the text, it is predominantly Antonia's cultivation of the land that is followed throughout the remainder of the text. Similarly, the concrete contributions of the "hired girls" stand in pointed contrast to the invisible and/or passive employment of male characters such as Mr. Harling.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the same way, Jim recognizes that it is the "hired girls" like Antonia who will form the backbone of the society when the next generation comes: "the girls who once worked in Black Hawk kitchens are to-day [sic] managing big farms and fine families of their own; their children are better off than the children of the women they used to serve" (150-1). These assertions--of the women's direct involvement of the development of the region, both agriculturally and socially--highlight an important point: "it is insufficient to think of nationalism affecting gender in a one-way relationship" (Walby 237). In other words,... ...Own: Attitudes Toward Women in Willa Cather's Short Fiction." Modern Fiction Studies 36:1 (Spring 1990): 81-89. Mosse, George. Nationalism and Sexuality: Respectability and Abnormal Sexuality in Modern Europe. New York: Howard Fertig, Inc., 1985. Ryan, Maureen. "No Woman's Land: Gender in Willa Cather's One of Ours." Studies in American Fiction 18 (Spring 1990): 65-75. Summers, Claude J. "'A Losing Game in the End': Aestheticism and Homosexuality in Cather's 'Paul's Case.'" Modern Fiction Studies 36:1 (Spring 1990): 103-119. Walby, Sylvia. "Woman and Nation." Mapping the Nation. ed. Gopal Balakrishnan. New York: Verso, 1996. 235-254. Woolf, Virginia. Three Guineas. London: Hogarth Press Ltd., 1938. Wussow, Helen. "Language, Gender, and Ethnicity in Three Fictions by Willa Cather." Women and Language 18 (Spring 1995): 52-5.          My Antonia Essay: The Role of Women -- My Antonia Essays The Role of Women in My Antonia  Ã‚        Ã‚   In her novel, My Antonia, Cather represents the frontier as a new nation. Blanche Gelfant notes that Cather "creat[ed] images of strong and resourceful women upon whom the fate of a new country depended" . This responsibility, along with the "economic productivity" Gilbert and Gubar cite (173), reinforces the sense that women hold a different place in this frontier community than they would in the more settled areas of America.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One manner in which this unusual place can be seen is in the women's privileged relationship to the land in the text. While Jim Burden attends school, it is Antonia who shapes and works the new land that the pioneers inhabit, going "from farm to farm" to fill the need for agricultural hands (111). While Otto and Jake fill this need early in the text, it is predominantly Antonia's cultivation of the land that is followed throughout the remainder of the text. Similarly, the concrete contributions of the "hired girls" stand in pointed contrast to the invisible and/or passive employment of male characters such as Mr. Harling.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the same way, Jim recognizes that it is the "hired girls" like Antonia who will form the backbone of the society when the next generation comes: "the girls who once worked in Black Hawk kitchens are to-day [sic] managing big farms and fine families of their own; their children are better off than the children of the women they used to serve" (150-1). These assertions--of the women's direct involvement of the development of the region, both agriculturally and socially--highlight an important point: "it is insufficient to think of nationalism affecting gender in a one-way relationship" (Walby 237). In other words,... ...Own: Attitudes Toward Women in Willa Cather's Short Fiction." Modern Fiction Studies 36:1 (Spring 1990): 81-89. Mosse, George. Nationalism and Sexuality: Respectability and Abnormal Sexuality in Modern Europe. New York: Howard Fertig, Inc., 1985. Ryan, Maureen. "No Woman's Land: Gender in Willa Cather's One of Ours." Studies in American Fiction 18 (Spring 1990): 65-75. Summers, Claude J. "'A Losing Game in the End': Aestheticism and Homosexuality in Cather's 'Paul's Case.'" Modern Fiction Studies 36:1 (Spring 1990): 103-119. Walby, Sylvia. "Woman and Nation." Mapping the Nation. ed. Gopal Balakrishnan. New York: Verso, 1996. 235-254. Woolf, Virginia. Three Guineas. London: Hogarth Press Ltd., 1938. Wussow, Helen. "Language, Gender, and Ethnicity in Three Fictions by Willa Cather." Women and Language 18 (Spring 1995): 52-5.         

Spanish National Anthem

At times, our political and cultural landscape can seem like an endless parade of divisive controversy. We cannot agree, so why not disagree—and disagree loudly? The latest war of debate and rhetoric centers around the presence of illegal aliens within our country’s borders. Should they stay? Should they go? While the subjects themselves protest in the streets, individuals of all creeds and colors are waging a ping-pong of protests across air waves and across coffee tables. Through these spirited arguments, a symbol of the nation’s division has emerged, and—ironically enough—it is one of the core symbols of America itself.The current battleground in the illegal immigration debate concerns the recent release of a Spanish version of the United States national anthem. Titled â€Å"Nuestro Himno† (â€Å"Our Anthem†), the controversial translation of â€Å"The Star-Spangled Banner† is being produced by Urban Box Office president and British-born Adam Kidron; it is being performed by popular Latin stars such as Wyclef Jean, Pitbull, Olga Tanon, and Carlos Ponce (Associated Press, 2006). Is this translation an attempt at American assimilation, as its defenders claim? I believe that the answer is no. If the song were a true attempt at honoring America, it might be understandable. However, â€Å"Nuestro Himno† is nothing more than a political tool whose purpose is more division. Further, it is an indirect assault on one of our nation’s most sacred symbols.The song’s producer defends its release by claiming that it is a means for more people  to understand and learn the national anthem: â€Å"There’s no attempt to usurp anything. The intent is to communicate†¦.and also express to express gratitude and patriotism to the United States†¦.†However, in the very same interview, Kidron (the producer) reveals a deeper intention: â€Å"I wanted to show my thanks to these people (who)†¦.do the jobs I don’t want to do† (Associated Press, 2006). This song is being released less as an ode to America and more of an ode to illegal immigrants. If not, then why was the song’s release timed to coincide with the immigration protests and Congress’ debates about illegal immigration? Why are a large chunk of the profits produced by the song going to immigration groups?Why did the record label encourage Latin-themed radio stations to concurrently play the song at a certain time, in a show of â€Å"solidarity†? Why do many of these radio station employees (whom one would expect to be the strongest supporters) question the motives of the song? â€Å"We should be trying to assimilate, not aggravate,† says one Latin radio host.An immigration web magazine writer adds, â€Å"If you want to say all those things, by all means, put them on your poster board, but don’t put them on the national anthem† (Associated Press, 2006). And what â€Å"things† is the latter referring to? It seems that in June the song will be released as a remix, and several lines will be added to the song, including: â€Å"These kids have no parents, cause all of these mean laws †¦ let's not start a war with all these hard workers, they can't help where they were born† (Wides-Munoz, 2006). This remix begs the question, When did â€Å"mean laws† become an adjective for â€Å"gratitude and patriotism†?This song is not a celebration or even a mere translation of the national anthem. It is literal rewriting and bastardization of our country’s symbolic history into a weapon of political propaganda. Sure, pop, rock, and country versions of the anthem may exist, but all of these versions honor the words of the song. Yet not one verse of â€Å"Nuestro Himno† stays true to the English-versed national anthem. Following is one excerpt of the translation:The glow of battle, in step with li berty My people keep fighting It's time to break the chains At night they said: â€Å"It's being defended!† Oh say! Your starry beauty is still unfolding. (Online extra, 2006)How many words do we find in this version that are also included in the original?†¦two.Could anyone even say (without deep examination) which verse of the national anthem thisâ€Å"translation† derives from? Sad to say, the first question which enters my mind upon reading thisverse is who â€Å"My people† are? Is the song remembering the American soldiers who fought fortheir country, as Francis Scott Key did? Or is â€Å"My people† simply another coded ode to illegal  immigrants?â€Å"The Star-Spangled Banner† is a celebration of all that America stands for. Its author  poured these lyrics out of his soul in a burst of inspiration. Something stirred inside him as he  witnessed his flag flying proudly, withstanding a night full of â€Å"bombs† and â€Å"rocke ts† from  enemy forces. The poem (and subsequent song) captured the bravery, loyalty, and independence  which that flag came to symbolize. Why did these verses survive over a century—faithfully sung  in everything from bars to baseball games?   Why did the song officially become our national  anthem in 1931? It spoke to the hearts of the American people, and to the soul of America itself.As the president himself says, â€Å"One of the important things here is that we not lose our national  soul† (Associated Press, 2006). If we allow our country’s most sacred symbols to be tarnished by  politics, we will lose. The only way to ensure that does not happen with our national anthem is to  preserve it and protect it in the form which its creator intended: English. Assimilation means  blending in, and America is for all intents and purposes an English-speaking nation. A Spanish  national anthem does not assimilate our principles; it rejects th em.We do not change our national animal symbol (the bald eagle) because some might prefer  a turkey. We do not alter our national colors because some might be offended by red, white, and  blue. And we never, ever compromise our American democracy:USA Today/Gallup Poll:69%–the national anthem should only be sung in EnglishReferencesAssociated Press. (2006). Oh say can you see the national anthem in Spanish? Retrieved May 2,  2006, from CNN.com: http://www.cnn.com/2006/US/04/28/anthem.inspanish.ap/Online extra: English translation of Spanish-language version of national anthem. (2006).Retrieved May 2, 2006, from Salt Lake Tribune: http://www.sltrib.com/ ci_3764054?source=rssWides-Munoz, Laura. (2006). Spanish ‘Star-Spangled Banner’ draws ire. Retrieved   May 2,2006, from My Way News: http://apnews.myway.com/article/ 20060428/

Female Spies in World War I and World War II

While almost every nation yet prohibits women in combat, a long history of female involvement in warfare reaches all the way back to ancient times. Extensive documentation exists covering the role of women working undercover or otherwise involved in intelligence work in each of the two world wars. World War I Mata Hari If asked to name a female spy, most people would probably be able to cite Mata Hari of World War I fame. Real name Margaretha Geertruida Zelle McLeod, the woman the world would come to know as Mata Hari was born in the Netherlands. Her cover was that of an exotic dancer from India. While there is little doubt regarding the legitimacy of Mata Haris life as a stripper and sometimes-prostitute, some controversy surrounds whether she was ever actually a spy. Famous as she was if Mata Hari was a spy, she was fairly inept at it. She was caught following contact with an informant, tried and executed as a spy by France. It later came to light that her accuser was, himself, a German spy, effectively casting doubt on her true role in World War I espionage. Edith Cavell Another famous spy from World War I was also executed as a spy. Edith Cavell was born in England, growing up to become a nurse by profession. When World War I erupted, she was working in a nursing school in Belgium. Although she was not a spy as we generally view them, Edith worked undercover to help transport soldiers from France, England, and Belgium to escape from the Germans. She worked as matron of a hospital and, while doing so, helped at least 200 soldiers to escape. When the Germans realized Cavells role in what was happening, she was put on trial for harboring foreign soldiers rather than espionage, and convicted in two days. She was killed by a firing squad in October of 1915 and buried near the execution site despite appeals from the United States and Spain to return her body to her homeland. After the war, her body was transported back to England. Edith Cavell was finally buried in her native land, following a Westminster Abbey service presided by King George V of England. A statue in her honor was erected in St. Martins Park bearing the simple but apt epitaph, Humanity, Fortitude, Devotion, Sacrifice. The statue also carries the quote she gave to the priest who gave her communion the night before her death, Patriotism is not enough, I must have no hatred or bitterness toward anyone. Edith Cavell had, in her lifetime, cared for anyone in need regardless of which side of the war they fought out of religious conviction. She died as valiantly and honorably as she lived. World War II Two main oversight organizations were responsible for intelligence activities in World War II for the Allies. These were the British SOE, or Special Operations Executive, and the American OSS, or Office of Strategic Services. The SOE was active in virtually every occupied country in Europe along with native operatives in enemy countries, aiding resistance groups and monitoring enemy activity. The American counterpart, the OSS, overlapped some of the SOE operations and also had operatives in the Pacific theater. In addition to traditional spies, these organizations employed many ordinary men and women to covertly provide information on strategic locations and activities while leading apparently normal lives. The OSS eventually became what is now known as the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), Americas official spy agency. Virginia Hall An American heroine,  Virginia Hall came from Baltimore, Maryland. From a privileged family, Hall attended fine schools and colleges and wanted a career as a diplomat. Her aspirations were thwarted in 1932 when she lost part of her leg in a hunting accident and had to use a wooden prosthesis. Having resigned from the State Department in 1939, Hall was in Paris at the start of World War II. She worked on an ambulance corps until the Henri Philippe Petain-led Vichy government took over, at which point she moved to England, volunteering for the newly-founded SOE. SOE training completed, she was returned to Vichy-controlled France where she supported the Resistance until complete Nazi takeover. She escaped on foot to Spain through the mountains, continuing her work for the SOE there until 1944, when she joined the OSS and asked to return to France. Returned to France, Hall continued to help the underground Resistance by, among other things, providing maps to Allied forces for drop zones, finding safe houses and providing intelligence activities. She assisted in training at least three battalions of French Resistance forces and continuously reported on enemy movements. The Germans recognized her activities and made her one of their Most Wanted Spies, calling her the woman with a limp and Artemis. Hall had many aliases including Agent Heckler, Marie Monin, Germaine, Diane, and Camille. She managed to teach herself to walk without a limp and employed many disguises, foiling Nazi attempts to capture her. Her success in evading capture was as remarkable as the prodigious work she accomplished. Still active as an operative in 1943, the British quietly awarded Hall the MBE (Member of the Order of the British Empire). Later, in 1945, she was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross by Gen. William Donovan for her efforts in France and Spain. Hers was the only such award to any civilian woman in all of WWII. Hall continued to work for the OSS through its transition to the CIA until 1966. At that time she retired to a farm in Barnesville, MD until her death in 1982. Princess Noor-un-Nisa Inayat Khan A childrens book author may seem an unlikely candidate for international spy induction, but Princess Noor defied any such expectation. The great-niece of Christian Science founder  Mary Baker Eddy  and daughter of Indian royalty, she joined the SOE as Nora Baker in London and trained to operate a wireless radio transmitter. She was sent to occupied France under the code name Madeline, carrying her transmitter from safe house to safe house, maintaining communications for her Resistance unit,  with the Gestapo trailing her all the way. Khan was captured and executed as a spy in 1944. She was posthumously awarded the George Cross, the Croix de Guerre and the MBE for her valor. Violette Reine Elizabeth Bushell Violette Reine Elizabeth Bushell was born in 1921 to a French mother and British father. Her husband Etienne Szabo was a French Foreign Legion officer killed in battle in North Africa. After her husbands death, Bushell was recruited by the SOE and sent to France as an operative on two occasions. On the second of these visits, she was caught giving cover to a Maquis leader. She killed several German soldiers before finally being captured. Despite torture, Bushell refused to give the Gestapo classified information, so was sent to  the concentration camp  Ravensbruck, where she was executed. She was posthumously honored for her work with both the George Cross and the Croix de Guerre in 1946. The Violette Szabo Museum in Wormelow, Herefordshire, England honors her memory as well. She left behind a daughter, Tania Szabo, who wrote her mothers biography,  Young, Brave Beautiful: Violette Szabo GC. Szabo and her highly decorated husband were the most decorated couple in World War II, according to the Guinness Book of World Records. Barbara Lauwers Cpl. Barbara Lauwers, Womens Army Corps, received a Bronze Star for her OSS work, which included using German prisoners for counterintelligence work and cobbling fake passports and other papers for spies and others. Lauwers was instrumental in Operation Sauerkraut, an operation which mobilized German prisoners to spread black propaganda about  Adolf Hitler  behind enemy lines. She created the League of Lonely War Women, or VEK in German. This mythical organization was designed to demoralize German troops by spreading the belief that any soldier on leave could display a VEK symbol and get a girlfriend. One of her operations was so successful that 600 Czechoslovak troops defected behind Italian lines. Amy Elizabeth Thorpe Amy Elizabeth Thorpe, early code name Cynthia, later Betty Pack, worked for the OSS in Vichy, France. She was sometimes used as a swallow—a woman trained to seduce the enemy into sharing secret information—and she participated in break-ins. One daring raid involved taking secret naval codes from a safe within a locked and guarded room. Another involved infiltration of the Vichy French Embassy in Washington D.C., taking important codebooks. Maria Gulovich Maria Gulovich fled Czechoslovakia when it was invaded, emigrating to Hungary. Working with Czech army staff and British and American intelligence teams, she assisted downed pilots, refugees, and resistance members. Gulovich was taken by the KGB and maintained her OSS cover under fierce interrogation while assisting in the Slovak rebellion and rescue efforts for Allied pilots and crews. Julia McWilliams Child Julia Child  was up to much more than gourmet cooking. She wanted to join the WACs or the WAVES but was turned down for being too tall, at a height of 62. Following this rejection, she opted to work in research and development out of the OSS Headquarters in Washington, D.C. Among the projects with which she was involved: a workable shark repellent used for downed flight crews later used for US space missions with water landings and supervising an OSS facility in China. Julia Child handled countless top-secret documents before gaining television fame as The French Chef. Marlene Dietrich German-born  Marlene Dietrich  became an American citizen in 1939. She volunteered for the OSS and served both by entertaining troops on the front lines and by broadcasting nostalgic songs to battle-weary German soldiers as propaganda. She received the Medal of Freedom for her work. Elizabeth P. McIntosh Elizabeth P. McIntosh was a war correspondent and independent journalist who joined the OSS shortly after  Pearl Harbor. She was instrumental in the interception and rewriting of postcards Japanese troops wrote home while stationed in India. She intercepted and detected orders of numerous sorts, chief among them a copy of the Imperial Order discussing terms of surrender which was then disseminated to Japanese troops. Genevieve Feinstein Not every woman in intelligence was a spy as we think of them. Women also played significant roles as cryptanalysts and code breakers for the Signal Intelligence Service (SIS). Genevieve Feinstein was one such woman, having been responsible for creating a machine used to decode Japanese messages. After WWII, she continued to work in intelligence. Mary Louise Prather Mary Louise Prather headed the SIS stenographic section. She was responsible for logging messages in code and preparing decoded messages for distribution. Prather was primarily credited with having uncovered a previously-unnoticed yet distinct correlation between two Japanese messages which led to the decryption of a pivotal new Japanese code system. Juliana Mickwitz Juliana Mickwitz escaped Poland during the Nazi invasion of 1939. She became a translator of Polish, German and Russian documents and worked with the Military Intelligence Directorate of the War Department. She went on to translate voice messages. Josephine Baker Josephine Baker  was a singer and dancer best known at the time as the Creole Goddess, the Black Pearl or the Black Venus for her beauty. But Baker was also a spy working undercover for the French Resistance, smuggling military secrets written in invisible ink on her sheet music  into Portugal from France. Hedy Lamarr Actress Hedy Lamarr made a valuable contribution to the intelligence division by co-producing an anti-jamming device for torpedoes. She also devised a clever way of frequency hopping that prevented the interception of American military messages. Famous for the Road movies with Bob Hope, everyone knew she was an actress but few were aware she was an inventor of military importance. Nancy Grace Augusta Wake New Zealand-born Nancy Grace Augusta Wake, AC GM, was the most decorated servicewoman among Allied troops in WWII. Wake grew up in Australia, working early on as a nurse and later as a journalist. As a journalist, she watched the rise of Hitler, well aware of the dimension of the threat Germany posed. Living in France with her husband at the start of World War II, Wake became a courier for the French Resistance. Among the Gestapos Most Wanted Spies, she was in constant danger, having her phone tapped and her mail read. Nazi Germany eventually put a five million franc price on the head of the woman they called the White Mouse. When her network was uncovered, Wake fled. Forced to leave her husband behind, the Gestapo tortured him to death trying to obtain her location. She was briefly arrested but released and, after six attempts, fled to England where she joined the SOE. In 1944 Wake parachuted back into France to assist the Maquis, where she participated in training highly effective Resistance troops. She once bicycled 100 miles through German checkpoints to replace a lost code and was reputed to have killed a German soldier with her bare hands to save others. After the war she was awarded the Croix de Guerre three times, the George Medal, the Mà ©daille de la Rà ©sistance, and the American Medal of Freedom for her undercover achievements. Afterword These are only a few of the women who served as spies in the two great world wars. Many took their secrets to the grave and were known only to their contacts. They were military women, journalists, cooks, actresses, and ordinary people caught up in extraordinary times. Their stories demonstrate that they were ordinary women of extraordinary courage and inventiveness who helped to change the world with their work. Women have played this role in many wars over the ages, but we are fortunate to have records of quite a few of those women who worked undercover in World War I and World War II, and we are all honored by their accomplishments. Sources and Further Reading The Wolves at the Door: The True Story of Americas Greatest Female Spy  by Judith L. Pearson, The Lyons Press (2005).Sisterhood of Spies  by Elizabeth P. McIntosh, published by the Naval Institute Press.Young, Brave Beautiful: Violette Szabo GC  by Tania Szabo.